Tool steel with high hardness, high wear resistance and high heat resistance, also known as high-speed tool steel or front steel. High-speed steel was created in 1898 by Taylor, F.W. and M. White of the United States. High-speed steel has good process performance, good strength and toughness, so it is mainly used to manufacture complex thin blades and impact-resistant metal cutting tools, as well as high-temperature bearings and cold extrusion dies. In addition to the high-speed steel produced by smelting, powder metallurgy high-speed steel appeared after the 1960s. Its advantage is to avoid the reduction of mechanical properties and heat treatment deformation caused by carbide segregation caused by smelting production.
Types High-speed steel is a complex type of steel with a carbon content generally between 0.70 and 1.65%. It contains more alloying elements, and the total amount can reach 10-25%. According to the different alloy elements contained, it can be divided into: tungsten-based high-speed steel (containing 9-18% tungsten); tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel (containing 5-12% tungsten and 2-6% molybdenum); 0-2% tungsten, 5-10% molybdenum); vanadium high-speed steel can be divided into general vanadium content (1-2% vanadium content) and high vanadium content (2.5-5% vanadium content) according to the vanadium content. %) high-speed steel; cobalt high-speed steel (5-10% cobalt). According to different purposes, high-speed steel can be divided into general-purpose and special-purpose. General-purpose high-speed steel: mainly used to manufacture cutting tools (such as drills, taps, saw blades) and precision tools (such as hobs, gear shapers, and broaches) for metal materials with a cutting hardness of HB≦300. The commonly used steel grades are W18Cr4V ﹑W6Mo5Cr4V2 etc. Special-purpose high-speed steel: including cobalt high-speed steel and super-hard high-speed steel (hardness HRC68-70), mainly used to manufacture cutting tools for cutting difficult-to-machine metals (such as high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, and high-strength steels). The commonly used steel grades are: W12Cr4V5Co5﹑W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 and so on.
Performance In addition to high hardness, high wear resistance and sufficient toughness in making cutting tools with high-speed steel, another important factor is red hardness. Red hardness refers to the ability of the cutting edge to resist softening in the red hot state when the tool is cutting at high speed. One way to measure the red hardness is to heat the steel to 580-650°C, keep it warm for 1 hour, then cool it down, and measure the hardness value after repeating this 4 times.
The quenching temperature of high-speed steel is generally close to the melting point of steel, such as 1210-1240°C for tungsten-based high-speed steel, and 1180-1210°C for high-molybdenum-based high-speed steel. After quenching, it generally needs to be tempered three times at 540-560°C. Increasing the quenching temperature can increase the red hardness of steel. In order to improve the service life of high-speed steel tools, the surface can be strengthened, such as low-temperature cyanidation, nitriding, sulfur and nitriding, etc. Tool steel with high hardness, high wear resistance and high heat resistance, also known as high-speed tool steel or front steel. High-speed steel was created in 1898 by Taylor, F.W. and M. White of the United States. High-speed steel has good process performance, good strength and toughness, so it is mainly used to manufacture complex thin blades and impact-resistant metal cutting tools, as well as high-temperature bearings and cold extrusion dies. In addition to the high-speed steel produced by smelting, powder metallurgy high-speed steel appeared after the 1960s. Its advantage is to avoid the reduction of mechanical properties and heat treatment deformation caused by carbide segregation caused by smelting production.
Types High-speed steel is a complex type of steel with a carbon content generally between 0.70 and 1.65%. It contains more alloying elements, and the total amount can reach 10-25%. According to the different alloy elements contained, it can be divided into: tungsten-based high-speed steel (containing 9-18% tungsten); tungsten-molybdenum-based high-speed steel (containing 5-12% tungsten and 2-6% molybdenum); 0-2% tungsten, 5-10% molybdenum); vanadium high-speed steel can be divided into general vanadium content (1-2% vanadium content) and high vanadium content (2.5-5% vanadium content) according to the vanadium content. %) high-speed steel; cobalt high-speed steel (5-10% cobalt). According to different purposes, high-speed steel can be divided into general-purpose and special-purpose. General-purpose high-speed steel: mainly used to manufacture cutting tools (such as drills, taps, saw blades) and precision tools (such as hobs, gear shapers, and broaches) for metal materials with a 
cutting hardness of HB≦300. The commonly used steel grades are W18Cr4V ﹑W6Mo5Cr4V2 etc. Special-purpose high-speed steel: including cobalt high-speed steel and super-hard high-speed steel (hardness HRC68-70), mainly used to manufacture cutting tools for cutting difficult-to-machine metals (such as high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, and high-strength steels). The commonly used steel grades are: W12Cr4V5Co5﹑W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 and so on.
Performance In addition to high hardness, high wear resistance and sufficient toughness in making cutting tools with high-speed steel, another important factor is red hardness. Red hardness refers to the ability of the cutting edge to resist softening in the red hot state when the tool is cutting at high speed. One way to measure the red hardness is to heat the steel to 580-650°C, keep it warm for 1 hour, then cool it down, and measure the hardness value after repeating this 4 times.
The quenching temperature of high-speed steel is generally close to the melting point of steel, such as 1210-1240°C for tungsten-based high-speed steel, and 1180-1210°C for high-molybdenum-based high-speed steel. After quenching, it generally needs to be tempered three times at 540-560°C. Increasing the quenching temperature can increase the red hardness of steel. In order to improve the service life of high-speed steel tools, the surface can be strengthened, such as low-temperature cyanidation, nitriding, sulfur and nitriding, etc.